Bullet Ant Facts Habitat, Predators, Painful Sting

The bullet ant (Paraponera clavata) is a tropical rainforest ant named for its powerfully painful sting, which is said to be comparable to being shot with a bullet. Fast Facts: Bullet Ants Common Name: Bullet antAlso Known As: 24-hour ant, conga ant, lesser giant hunting antScientific Name: Paraponera clavataDistinguishing Features: Reddish-black ants with large pincers and a visible stingerSize: 18 to 30 mm (up to 1.2 in)Diet: Nectar and small arthropodsAverage Lifespan: Up to 90 days (worker)Habitat: Tropical forests of Central and South AmericaConservation Status: Least ConcernKingdom: AnimaliaPhylum: ArthropodaClass: InsectaOrder: HymenopteraFamily: FormicidaeFascinating Fact: The bullet ants sting is known for being the most painful sting of any insect. The pain, which has been compared to being shot with a bullet, naturally dissipates after 24 hours. The bullet ant has many common names, however. In Venezuela, it is called the 24-hour ant because the pain of a sting can last a full day. In Brazil, the ant is called formigà £o-preto or big black ant. The Native American names for the ant translate to, the one who wounds deeply. By any name, this ant is feared and respected for its sting. Appearance and Habitat Worker ants range from 18 to 30 mm (0.7 to 1.2 in) in length. They are reddish-black ants with large mandibles (pincers) and a visible stinger. The queen ant is slightly larger than the workers. ThoughtCo / Vin Ganapathy Bullet ants live in the tropical rainforest of Central and South America, in Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica, Venezuela, Colombia, Ecuador, Peru, Bolivia, and Brazil. The ants build their colonies at the base of trees so they can forage in the canopy. Each colony contains several hundred ants. Predators, Prey, and Parasites Bullet ants eat nectar and small arthropods. One type of prey, the glasswing butterfly (Greta oto) has evolved to produce larvae that taste unpleasant to bullet ants. Larvae of the glasswing butterfly taste bad to bullet ants. Helaine Weide / Getty Images The phorid fly (Apocephalus paraponerae) is a parasite of injured bullet ant workers. Injured workers are common because bullet ant colonies fight with each other. The scent of the injured ant lures the fly, which feeds on the ant and lays eggs in its wound. A single injured ant may harbor up to 20 fly larvae. Bullet ants are preyed upon by various insectivores and also by each other. The Most Painful Insect Sting Although nonaggressive, bullet ants will sting when provoked. When one ant stings, it releases chemicals that signal other ants in the vicinity to sting repeatedly. The bullet ant has the most painful sting of any insect, according to the Schmidt Pain Index. The pain is described as blinding, electric pain, comparable to being shot with a gun. Two other insects, the tarantula hawk wasp and warrior wasp, have comparable stings to that of the bullet ant. However, the pain from the tarantula hawk sting lasts less than 5 minutes, and that from the warrior wasp extends to two hours. Bullet ant stings, on the other hand, produce waves of agony that last 12 to 24 hours. Action of poneratoxin on sodium channels to produce pain.   Pchien2 The primary toxin in bullet ant venom is poneratoxin. Poneratoxin is a small neurotoxic peptide that inactivates voltage-gated sodium ion channels in skeletal muscle to block synapse transmission in the central nervous system. In addition to excruciating pain, the venom produces temporary paralysis and uncontrollable shaking. Other symptoms include nausea, vomiting, fever, and cardiac arrhythmia. Allergic reactions to the venom are rare. While the venom is not lethal to humans, it paralyzes or kills other insects. Poneratoxin is a good candidate for use as a bio-insecticide. First Aid Most bullet ant stings can be prevented by wearing over-the-knee boots and watching for ant colonies near trees. If disturbed, the ants first defense is to release a stinky warning scent. If the threat persist, ants will bite and latch on with their mandibles prior to stinging. Ants may be brushed away or removed with tweezers. Quick action may prevent a sting. In the event of stings, the first action is to remove the ants from the victim. Antihistamines, hydrocortisone cream, and cold compresses may help alleviate swelling and tissue damage at the sting site. Prescription pain relievers are required to address the pain. If untreated, most bullet ant stings resolve on their own, although the pain may last for a day and uncontrolled shaking may persist much longer. Bullet Ants and Initiation Rites Hands are coated with charcoal prior to putting on the bullet ant gloves. The charcoal is supposed to minimize stinging. Geckochasing The Saterà ©-Mawà © people of Brazil use ant stings as part of a traditional rite of passage. To complete the initiation rite, boys first gather the ants. The ants are sedated by immersion in an herbal preparation and placed into gloves woven of leaves with all their stingers facing inward. The boy must wear the mitt a total of 20 times before he is considered to be a warrior. Sources Capinera, J.L. (2008). Encyclopedia of Entomology (2nd ed.). Dordrecht: Springer. p. 615. ISBN 978-1-4020-6242-1.Hogue, C.L. (1993). Latin American Insects and Entomology. University of California Press. p. 439. ISBN 978-0-520-07849-9.Schmidt, J.O. (2016). The Sting of the Wild. Baltimore: Johns Hopkins University Press. p. 179. ISBN 978-1-4214-1928-2.Schmidt, Justin O.; Blum, Murray S.; Overal, William L. (1983). Hemolytic activities of stinging insect venoms. Archives of Insect Biochemistry and Physiology. 1 (2): 155–160. doi:10.1002/arch.940010205Szolajska, Ewa (June 2004). Poneratoxin, a neurotoxin from ant venom: Structure and expression in insect cells and construction of a bio-insecticide. European Journal of Biochemistry. 271 (11): 2127–36. doi:10.1111/j.1432-1033.2004.04128.x

Symptoms And Symptoms Of Anxiety - 1008 Words

Anxiety Anxiety, depression, and medications†¦ These are all things we need to take into consideration when thinking about everyday life. Anxiety has become a generalized factor of life and many people suffer from it everyday. Yes, everyone knows what it s like to feel anxious but not like those with anxiety. Different types of anxiety have different types symptoms and causes. Even though every anxiety is different they are all controlled by one thing--you. Anxiety comes in many forms you have many different anxieties. There are exactly 5 different types of anxiety, those being general anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobia, posttraumatic stress disorder and finally, obsessive-compulsive disorder. The most common type of anxiety is Generalized Anxiety Disorder (G.A.D.). G.A.D. is not having any interest in everyday activities. According to the national institute of mental health you are going to have constant worry or fear when experiencing anxiety (â€Å"Anxiety Disorders†). Panic disorder is when you have repeated panic attacks that’s not caused by other illnesses. It can be triggered by intense exercise or truly dangerous situations, they generally become even worse when you experience a lot of stress at one time. You would generally use psychotherapy to treat this form of anxiety. Phobia disorder is a â€Å"persistent, irrational fear of, and desire to avoid, a particular object or situation† (Encyclopedia of Medicine). Posttraumatic stress disorder is a very particular typeShow MoreRelatedSymptoms And Symptoms Of Anxiety1319 Words   |  6 Pages Anxiety When asked to do a report on a health related subject I didn’t have to wonder. There was no concern on what subject I would pick. It is plain and simple. I would write on panic disorder. PTSD, or generalized anxiety. This would give me a stage to set some clarity to what is seen as just a group of people who are not as mentally tough as other people. Ever get nervous before a big test? Feel stressed and anxious about a situation. In a state of constant worry. Great because that isRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Anxiety1269 Words   |  6 Pages Anxiety is an emotion characterized by an unpleasant state of mind, often accompanied by nervous behavior and a series of unpleasant feelings and a symptom of underlying health problems. â€Å"Anxiety is not the same as fear, which fear is a response to an immediate threat, whereas anxiety is the expectation of a future threat†. Anxiety is distinguished from fear, which is an appropriate emotional response to a perceived threat and is related to the specific behaviors of fight-or-flight responses, defensiveRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Anxiety926 Words   |  4 PagesPsychological disorder on anxiety. Anxiety is a universal human experience and is a human emotion. It can be defined as a feeling of apprehension, uneasiness, uncertainty, or dread resulting from a real or perceived threat. 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Some manage on their own to cope with the tension, obsessive thoughts and sleeplessRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Anxiety1491 Words   |  6 Pages Anxiety is one of the most common mental health problems there are. 1 in 4 adults will have an anxiety disorder in their lifetime, and 1 in 10 people will have an anxiety disorder each year. However, most of the people that suffer from anxiety donâ₠¬â„¢t receive proper treatment for it. Anxiety is sometimes ignored as something normal, even when it is serious. This is one of the reasons why a person would have an anxiety disorder for a long period of time. A multitude of people are uninformed of theRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Anxiety876 Words   |  4 PagesNormal and Abnormal Anxiety Anxiety is a reaction to things that stress you. It is normal to have some anxiety at work, school, or home. It is when anxiety becomes a daily occurrence with no known cause that it is categorized as a disorder. 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These thoughts may momentarily flash through your mind, bringing with them feelings of fear. The more you think about these feelings, the more fear seems to come as a result. Your nervous system may become disturbed and your stomach may also feel the effects of these negative thoughts. Your general physical health can suffer greatly as a result of anxiety. Anxiety is a vicious cycle; the more you dwell on the negative thoughtsRead MoreSymptoms And Symptoms Of Anxiety Disorders1295 Words   |  6 PagesAnxiety Disorder Many people experience anxiety and nervousness from time to time, typically about a near event, something with an uncertain outcome, problem at work, or making an important decision. It is a normal human emotion and a normal part of life, however, anxiety disorders are not and they are very different. Anxiety disorders are psychiatric disorders which are very serious mental illness. People with anxiety disorders experience overwhelming and constant worry and fear. 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Amy Tan “Mother Tongue” Analysis Essay Example For Students

Amy Tan â€Å"Mother Tongue† Analysis Essay Analysis of Amy Tan â€Å"Mother Tongue† is a common topic in  English  assignments, and there is much content you can include to make your paper stand out. Whether you are writing your thesis or a class assignment in literature, Amy Tan mother tongue analysis is such a common topic. It is important, therefore, to enrich your thesis or assignment  with the major ideas that are prevalent in the text. For starters, Amy Tan  finds herself in a struggle with her linguistic identity. She finds herself in the middle of her mother’s broken English  where she has to fight the prejudice  her mother  faces because of her fractured dialectal. Amy speaks a different language with her mother  as well as with other people, and we are told how about the struggle that she had with  English  as a subject. She would do quite well in Math because she says, while Math has a definite solution, English  answers in most of her tests appeared more judgmental. But Tan does not regret anything about her mother tongue  background. She affirms that her mom’s dialectal brought her a long way, shaping the way she perceived things, the way she expressed herself and made sense of the world. To her, the kind of English  she spoke with her mother  and to a larger extent, her husband made perfect sense and brought in some kind of intimacy that only her family perfectly understood. A textual analysis  of Amy’s â€Å"mother tongue† reveals her passionate defense on her mother’s broken English. Some of the people in her circle claim to understand only a small fraction of whatever her mother speaks. Others would not simply understand anything and looked at her mum as if she spoke in pure Chinese. Her mum is seen to face a lot of challenges and  prejudice  from the people around her. Rhetorical analysis on Amy’s article reveals how people around her mother claimed they wouldn’t understand much of her mother’s broken English, but Amy goes in details explaining how she finds it easy understanding every bit of what her mother says. In this rhetorical analysis, Amy’s main ideas  happen to be that she at no point despises her mother’s English. She even goes ahead describing it as clear and perfectly normal. Her mastery of rhetorical devices  is another aspect of her great mastery of language. In one of her many talks about her book, The Joy Luck Club, Amy Tan  display such a great mastery of language, the kind of language she had learned from school and her extensive reading, with carefully articulated grammar, in the audience  of her mother who was in her company. She felt the talk all wrong seeing she was speaking the kind she never spoke with her  mother. Her use of parallel structure in a paragraph  she speaks of how she isn’t an  English  scholar and later in the next paragraph  that she is a writer display her deep understanding of English. Amy Tan  had earlier affirmed that she was not a scholar of the language or literature and still she was a writer. She speaks about her love of linguistics and how much she gets fascinated by language in her daily life. She takes some time to think about her mum’s language. The kind of descriptions it has received from people in the restaurants, banks, stores, and offices, as broken, fractured and limited. She thinks of the times when she fell a victim of the same  prejudice  in her childhood days. She had a difficult time with her  mother, holding her with less regard and hating her for the kind of language she spoke. Her limited English is  seemingly translating into her limited personality. People around her treated her less serious, some would even ignore her with sharp brutality, seeing her in the light of someone with some kind disability or some sort of incompleteness. .u3b46de60af9947f24e971bdf664e626f , .u3b46de60af9947f24e971bdf664e626f .postImageUrl , .u3b46de60af9947f24e971bdf664e626f .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u3b46de60af9947f24e971bdf664e626f , .u3b46de60af9947f24e971bdf664e626f:hover , .u3b46de60af9947f24e971bdf664e626f:visited , .u3b46de60af9947f24e971bdf664e626f:active { border:0!important; } .u3b46de60af9947f24e971bdf664e626f .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u3b46de60af9947f24e971bdf664e626f { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u3b46de60af9947f24e971bdf664e626f:active , .u3b46de60af9947f24e971bdf664e626f:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u3b46de60af9947f24e971bdf664e626f .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u3b46de60af9947f24e971bdf664e626f .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u3b46de60af9947f24e971bdf664e626f .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u3b46de60af9947f24e971bdf664e626f .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u3b46de60af9947f24e971bdf664e626f:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u3b46de60af9947f24e971bdf664e626f .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u3b46de60af9947f24e971bdf664e626f .u3b46de60af9947f24e971bdf664e626f-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u3b46de60af9947f24e971bdf664e626f:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Think for yourself EssayAmy recalls how she had to save her mother  occasionally from the embarrassment that her broken dialectal brought. She would have to make calls to her mum’s stockbroker, to the hospital attendants among other services if anything was to be taken any serious. Like only the perfect English carries with it some kind of authority. It is clear in the textual analysis of  how Amy employs a lot of dialogue to give her audience  a taste of her mother tongue. Although she has gained an excellent mastery of the English  language as evidenced by a line, â€Å"That was my mental quandary in its nascent state,† from one of her works of fiction, Amy Tan is not about to thrash her mother tongue  as someone would expect. In fact, she does not bend so much into displaying her mastery of the literary devices  when she envisions her mum as her intended audience  in the stories she wrote about mothers and daughters whose intended audience  is mainly women. She is quite delighted when her mom finishes reading her work and seals it with one simple compliment, â€Å"So easy to read.† Amy also recalls her early days of entry into the world of nonfiction freelancer writing when one of her bosses described her writings as the worst ever and even advised her to work towards account management. It’s only her rebellious nature and the consistency of purpose  that kept her going even while surrounded by a host of critics. Her use of her mother for purpose and  audience  is a proof of how much she appreciated the simplicity of language and just how much she wasn’t bothered by the critics that had been a great challenge to her mum. The main ideas that the author appears to communicate in this article are that the notion of a perfect language is not entirely the driving force behind what it is and what is not of other versions of the English  language spoken. Tan seeks to emphasize that there are no standard measures for what should be the right type of language. The  purpose  of her article is clearly to do away with the prejudice that comes with other versions of English whose speakers are held with less regard. Through this article, Amy effectively delivers on her purpose and audience  bringing to light quite important aspects of linguistic dynamics.

Digital Image Manipulation Investigation Essay Example

Digital Image Manipulation Investigation Paper In our ICT unit, Art Gallery, we have had to do a bit of research on Digital Image Manipulation. We will then be creating our own.  In this report, you will probably learn something new about the world of Digital Image Manipulation.  What is Digital Image Manipulation?  Digital Image Manipulation is altering, trimming, colouring, layering, basically changing an image. This may be done using computer software of programs like Adobe Photoshop. Digitally Manipulated Images are sometimes made for good purposes like advertising. Sometimes, users of Photoshop will change and/or recreate images to offend others, purposefully. The final result of an image that has gone through this process sometimes are so well done and are of very high quality so we question them as to whether or not they are genuine.  Since when has Digital Image Manipulation been used?  Digital Image Manipulation has been around since photography started but now Digital Image Manipulation is becoming more and more popular. This is mainly due to the falling rates of the software and programs needed to alter an image as one likes. Where are Digitally manipulated images found?  Digitally Manipulated Images can be found anywhere, from bus stops to magazine covers, from bill boards to movie posters. Nowadays, with all the technology we know, humans can make just about anything using computers and Photoshop and are not try to show their art to the rest of the world.  Who and why was Photoshop created for?   hotoshop was originally designed for the industry purpose, not for private owners wishing to play around with their images. Therefore if you buy Photoshop or any other up to industry standard software you will be paying very high rates for some tools and features you may never use. We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Image Manipulation Investigation specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Image Manipulation Investigation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on Digital Image Manipulation Investigation specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer The Knoll brothers, Thomas and John, created Photoshop. The first version, Photoshop 1.0 was shipped out in February 1990.  Why do people enjoy Digitally manipulating Images so much?  I think that we enjoy using Photoshop and altering images because it is fun. On a rainy day, it can be a great pastime. I like the competition. If I dont win an award, I try again but if I do, I have to beat my best next time. says one user I interviewed in a www.worth1000.com chat room. Another said that you dont need to get out all your painting material and start from scratch, just switch on the computer! Having the power of a God, was another answer. How do you make digitally manipulated Images?  Digitally Manipulated Images are made by adding together two images or changing/altering one image. Depending on which technique you want to achieve, you can use different tools on the software you are using.  Artistic Techniques  This list shows what some of the artistic techniques to Photoshopping, the term now used for making digitally manipulated images, and art with a few notes about what they are and how they are used in art.  Political Art: Caricatures of Political Images or people. Play of words on political subjects. Political Awareness Texture: Texture can change the mood or ambience of an image.  Perspective: A point of view. Often has a vanishing point where all lines meet. The closer an object, the larger. The farther the object, the smaller and the fainter.  Humour: To make fun of certain people or societies. Play of words used in images.  Patterns and Repetition: Repetition- repeated many times, doesnt have to be exact. Pattern- also repeated many times but has to be more precise. Patterns and repetitions can be found in the nature, on tiles, on arabesques, in geometric drawings, etc.  Colours: Primary colours {red, blue, yellow} are very strong colours. Colour can change a mood or feeling of art. Colours can be used to attract attention or focus on a certain object in the image.  Composition and Use of Space: Layout of the image. Make the object that you want to be focused the first thing that the viewer would see.

Athiesm Essays - Computing, Metallica, File Sharing,

Athiesm NO BOTS ARE ALLOWED ON THIS SERVICE. IF YOU RUN ONE HERE, IT WILL BE BLOCKED AND YOU WILL BE PERMANENTLY BANNED. Napster, Inc. makes no representations or warranties regarding MP3 files possessed by Napster users. Thousands of MP3 files have been authorized for distribution over the Internet by copyright owners; however, Napster users should understand that MP3 files may have been created or distributed without copyright owner authorization. Neither the MP3 file format nor the Napster software indicates whether a particular MP3 file has been authorized for copying or distribution. Copying or distributing unauthorized MP3 files may violate United States and/or foreign copyright laws. Compliance with copyright law remains your responsibility. Religion

Chapter 8 Ancient Greece Essays

Chapter 8 Ancient Greece Essays Chapter 8 Ancient Greece Paper Chapter 8 Ancient Greece Paper Essay Topic: Literature 1. What kinds of landforms are found in Greece? rocky mountains, water, peninsulas, islands, rugged coastline *Few small valleys and coastal plains provide flat land for farming and villages. 2. How did the sea help shape early Greek society? Travel across the mountains and seas was difficult, so communities were isolated from one another. The people created their own governments and ways of life. They spoke the same language, but were separate countries. 3. What 3 seas did the Greeks depend on to find food and a way to trade? south Mediterranean Sea west Ionian Sea east Aegean Sea (Eejeeun) *This is how they exchanged ideas with other countries. 4. How might the difficulty of mountain travel have been a benefit to the Greeks? They were able to create their own governments and ways of life. They saw themselves as separate countries. 5. What was the first major civilization to develop in Greece? Minoans They built an advanced society on the island of Crete. *best ship builders of their time *ships carried wood, olive oil, and pottery for trade *a huge volcano erupted causing a giant wave and led to end of their civilization 6. How were the Minoans and Mycenaeans similar? They were the first to start trading by sea. Both traded in Crete. 7. What is a polis? Greek word for a city-state 8. Why do you think the Greeks built their cities around a high acropolis? If another country was attacking they would be safe and fight off the war from inside. 9. What are aristocrats? rich landowners *They ran the citys economy. They also served as generals and judges. 10. How were oligarchy and tyranny different? Oligarchy is a government which a few people have power. Tyranny is 1 leader who help power through the use of force. 11. Describe the democracy created by the Cleisthenes. All citizens in Athens had the right to participate in creating the citys laws. Voting was done by a show of hands. Major decisions needed about 6,000 votes. Later they selected citizens to decide which laws they should discuss. 12. How did Pericles change Athenian democracy? He believed people participating in government was very important. He paid people who served. He also encouraged to introduce democracy to other parts of Greece. 13. What type of democracy did Athens have? They were conquered by Macedonia. The king ruled his country. Nobody could make any decisions without his approval. The people still met to discuss laws, but the King had to approve it. After a new king, the democracy ended forever. 14. In what situations would a representative democracy work better than a direct democracy? Representative democracy works better for larger countries because their are too many people to gather together (like U.S.). We elect people to represent us and make decisions on laws. 15. What is a mythology? a body of stories about gods and heroes that try to explain how the world works 16. Why did the ancient Greeks create myths? The ancient Greeks didnt have explanations for thunder, earthquakes, and volcanoes like we do today. They believed their gods caused these events to happen and they created myths to explain the gods actions. 17. What are Homers most famous works? Iliad (tells the story of the last years of the Trojan War) 18. How are fables different from myths? *myths explain why things happen *fables are stories that teach lessons 19. In what areas have Greek myths influenced our culture? *We have the Olympics every 4 years. The ancient Greeks honored their Gods by holding contest at Olympia (a city in southern Greece). *Homers poems influenced later writers. *Words of songs are called lyrics after Greek poets. 20. How did the geography affect the development of the Greek city-states? The city-states were spread along the Mediterranean Sean and the Black Sea. These locations made it easy to trade with others. 21. How did the concept of the polis affect the growth of the Greek colonies? It marked the beginning of the classical age. It had great achievements. 22. What roles did Draco, Solon, and Peisistratus play in the history of Greek government? *Draco created a new set of laws for the Athens (very harsh too strict) *Solon created laws that were much less harsh (all free men living in Athens became citizens) *Peisistratus He became the ruler (he help the power through use of forcearmies) 23. What means rule by a single person? monarchy 24. What means the study of life? archaeology 25. Is something that is microscopic very small or very large? very small 26. What type of ancient Greek literature would most likely describe the deeds of a great hero? epic 27. What was the main cause for the independence of city-states in ancient Greece? the Greeks location on the sea *They became colonies instead of city-states 28. Athens was ruled by a single person under the type of government known as? Tyranny 29. The citizens assembly in ancient Athens was an example of? Direct Democracy (all citizens were part of government decisions) 30. Being surrounded by water makes the Greeks better? sailors 31. What were the 2 early Greek civilizations? Which one wasnt actually Greek and which one was? Why? Minoans didnt speak the Greek language Mycenaeans- were first to speak Greek and first to be considered Greek people. 32. Which type of government is done by a small group of aristocrats? Oligarchy 33. Which type of government was led by Peisistratus? Tyrant he took over the oligarchy government 34. Who started the 1st democracy? Why? Cleisthenes He started it because he didnt like the aristocrats running the government 35. Who is Pericles and how did he affect democracy? He encouraged the Athenians to take pride in their city. He believed that participating in government was just as defending Athens in war. He paid those who served in government and spread the word. 36. What city-state first used democracy? Athens 37. Who brought an end to democracy in Athens? Macedonians their King had all power 38. Who are 5 major Greek gods? Hephaestus god of metalworking (designed armor) Demeter goddess of agriculture Zeus king of the gods Poseidon god of the sea Apollo god of the sun 39. What is the story of Demeter? She created the seasons *She missed her daughter in winter and didnt let plants grow *When her daughter comes home, its summerplants grow 40. What is the story of Theseus? He traveled to Crete and killed a terrible monster that was half human and half bull. 41. What was the story of Jason? He sailed across the seas in search of treasure and fought enemies the whole way. 42. What was the story of Hercules? *Most famous story He fought many monsters and performed nearly impossible tasks (like killing a snake with 9 heads) 43. What are 3 major types of Greek literature? And who was the famous writer for each? 1. Epic Homer 2. Lyric Sappho 3. Fables Aesop 44. What are some major Greek influences we see today? Olympics, English words (odyssey and titanic), Atlas Mountains, Europe, Titans team, Jupiters moon (Io), Hercules

Cultural, Social, and Intellectual Life in London and Paris in the 197 Essay

Cultural, Social, and Intellectual Life in London and Paris in the 1970s - Essay Example The classical era music represents tuneful melodies, less complicated and more balanced vocally and instrumentally (Bonds, 2009). During the 18th century, there was a transformation of the western culture, a lot of new ideas swept across Europe. The society underwent reorganization, countries like France ushered in the age of Napoleon. It is in the 18th century that arts and architecture underwent a dramatic change. In this period such classical artists as Haydn Mozart and Gluck produced their unique compositions that were described with simplicity and restraint in their music. The genres such as symphony concerto and sonata underwent a significant evolution in the 18th century. These artists presented the musical sounds characterised by symmetry balance and clarity. The music, which was popular in the 1790s, coincided with the last part of the enlightenment period. This age emphasized reason, logic and knowledge. The classical era represents a musical period that reflected objectivity, clarity, balance and periodicity on the music produced (Parker, 2000). In the classical era, royalty did not influence the composition of music as it did in the other periods. The music represented a break from the past where traditions such as employment by royal patrons did not exist anymore. The music depended on the courts to receive an audience, and the theatre as a culture now became dominant in the society. We are looking at music in the era in which society was undergoing a transition from customary, religious, and closed patterns into a more open, relativistic, individualistic and a secular system. The society at this time was focused on transforming from a period of order, wholeness and certainty. The society hungered for a certainty of truth, virtue and beauty. The artist of this time used the classical genre of music to meet the humanity’s longing for wholeness and reconciliation.